只需45秒，用Python給故宮畫一組雪景手繪圖-知識星球

導讀：最近故宮總能“攤上事”。

今天是元宵節，一批幸運鵝拿著在故宮門票預售網站癱瘓之前搶來的門票，夜遊故宮，成為94年來第一批在故宮賞月的人。用這種方式過節，真是既時尚又懷舊，簡直沒sei了。不知道你去了沒有？

昨夜今晨，北京又下了一場雪，前些天刷爆朋友圈的故宮雪景照，又出了續集。搶不到晚上賞月的門票，白天去看看雪景也是不錯的選擇。不知道你去了沒有？

今天我們要說的就跟雪景有關……

作者：丁彥軍

來源：戀習Python（ID：sldata2017）

一下雪，北京就變成了北平，故宮就變成了紫禁城。

 </p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">看著朋友圈、微博好友都在紛紛曬圖，小編只能羨慕不已。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876540/oiprfnttav4fowembpfw.jpg" style="letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: center; white-space: normal; width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 127="" 127="" 127="" font-size:="" 14px="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">▲圖片來自微信公眾號微故宮</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">不過，小編突然想到，可以透過Python將故宮的建築物圖片，轉化為手繪圖（素描效果）。效果圖如下：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.6666666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="1080" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876544/mhgedwveyjp0itxvmjqt.jpg" style="width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" font-size:="" 18px="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;">01 概念與原理</strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">我們都知道手繪圖效果的特徵主要有：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">黑白灰色；邊界線條較重；相同或相近色彩趨於白色；略有光源效果</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%;">核心原理：</span></strong></span><span style="color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">利用畫素之間的</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%;">梯度值</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="">和虛擬</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%;">深度值</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="">對影象進行重構，根據</span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%;">灰度變化</span></strong></span><span style="letter-spacing: normal; max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="">來模擬人類視覺的模擬程度。</span></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">把影象看成二維離散函式，灰度梯度其實就是這個二維離散函式的求導，用差分代替微分，求取影象的灰度梯度。常用的一些灰度梯度模板有：Roberts 梯度、Sobel 梯度、Prewitt 梯度、Laplacian 梯度。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">以Sobel 梯度計算來解釋：</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">首先計算出 </span><img align="absmiddle" class="" data-ratio="0.6842105263157895" data-type="png" data-w="19" height="13" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876547/f23cgcw9ah1voup2tuu7.jpg" style="max-width: 900px; width: 19px !important; visibility: visible !important; border: 0px initial initial;" title="" width="19" /><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">、</span><img align="absmiddle" class="" data-ratio="0.9444444444444444" data-type="png" data-w="18" height="17" src="http://pic.ipshop.xyz/wx/E4Tss3Bg1G3.jpg" style="max-width: 900px; width: 18px !important; visibility: visible !important; border: 0px initial initial;" title="" width="18" /><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">，然後計算梯度角</span><img align="absmiddle" class="" data-ratio="0.36363636363636365" data-type="png" data-w="99" height="36" src="http://pic.ipshop.xyz/wx/5DRZqfjXE3A.jpg" style="letter-spacing: 0px; caret-color: red; max-width: 900px; width: 99px !important; visibility: visible !important; border: 0px initial initial;" title="" width="99" /><span style="caret-color: red; max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">梯度方向及影象灰度增大的方向，其中梯度方向的梯度夾角大於平坦區域的梯度夾角。如下圖所示，灰度值增加的方向梯度夾角大，此時梯度夾角大的方向為梯度方向。對應在影象中尋找某一點的梯度方向即透過計算該點與其8鄰域點的梯度角，梯度角最大即為梯度方向。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.3442622950819672" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="366" src="http://pic.ipshop.xyz/wx/8eexJ2IYyB8.jpg" style="letter-spacing: 0px; caret-color: red; width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" font-size:="" 18px="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;">02 影象的陣列形式與變換</strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.4034151547491996" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="937" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876582/o5dq5ecxll5bwemvkp1k.jpg" style="width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">其中，需要用到的方法：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">Image.open( ): 開啟圖片</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">np.array( ) : 將影象轉化為陣列</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">convert(“L”): 將圖片轉換成二維灰度圖片</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">Image.fromarray( ): 將陣列還原成影象uint8格式</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">程式碼如下：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <section class="" style="max-width: 100%; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px;" helvetica="" neue="" helvetica="" hiragino="" sans="" gb="" microsoft="" yahei="" arial="" sans-serif="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" important="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" important=""> <pre style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code class="" style="margin-right: 2px; margin-left: 2px; padding: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 18px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace; border-radius: 0px; color: #a9b7c6; background: #282b2e; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: block !important; overflow-wrap: normal !important; word-break: normal !important; overflow: auto !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">from</span> PIL <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> Image<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> numpy <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">as</span> np<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />im = Image.open(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\gugong\微信圖片_20190216152248.jpg"</span>).convert(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'L'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />a=np.asarray(im).astype(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'float'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />print(a.shape,a.dtype)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1080</span>, <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">608</span>) float64<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#(1080, 608)分別表示高度，寬度</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" font-size:="" 18px="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;">03 影象的手繪效果處理</strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">實現思路步驟：</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">1. 梯度的重構</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">numpy的梯度函式的介紹：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">np.gradient(a) ：計算陣列a中元素的梯度，f為多維時，傳回每個維度的梯度 </span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">離散梯度： xy坐標軸連續三個x軸坐標對應的y軸值：a, b, c 其中b的梯度是（c-a）/2 </span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">而c的梯度是： (c-b)/1</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">當為二維陣列時，np.gradient(a) 得出兩個陣列，第一個陣列對應最外層維度的梯度，第二個陣列對應第二層維度的梯度。 </span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">程式碼如下：</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <section class="" style="max-width: 100%; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px;" helvetica="" neue="" helvetica="" hiragino="" sans="" gb="" microsoft="" yahei="" arial="" sans-serif="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" important="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" important=""> <pre style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code class="" style="margin-right: 2px; margin-left: 2px; padding: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 18px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace; border-radius: 0px; color: #a9b7c6; background: #282b2e; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: block !important; overflow-wrap: normal !important; word-break: normal !important; overflow: auto !important;">grad=np.gradient(a)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />grad_x,grad_y=grad<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />grad_x = grad_x * depth / 100.<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#對grad_x值進行歸一化</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />grad_y = grad_y * depth / 100.<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#對grad_y值進行歸一化</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /></code></pre> </section> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">2. 構造guan光源效果</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">設計一個位於影象斜上方的虛擬光源</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">光源相對於影象的視角為Elevation,方位角為Azimuth</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">建立光源對各點梯度值的影響函式</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">運算出各點的新畫素值</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 17px; white-space: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.7472222222222222" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="720" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876585/bvlahqoxoq2iqtlfczyk.jpg" style="width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">其中：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">np.cos(evc.el) : 單位光線在地平面上的投射長度</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">dx,dy,dz ：光源對x，y，z三方向的影響程度</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">3. 梯度歸一化</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2" style="list-style-type: square;"> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">構造x和y軸梯度的三維歸一化單位坐標系；</span></p> </li> <li> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">梯度與光源相互作用，將梯度轉化為灰度。</span></p> </li> </ul> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">4. 影象生成</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal=""><strong style="max-width: 100%;"><span style="font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 0="" 122="" 170="" letter-spacing:="" normal="" max-width:="" 100="">具體詳情程式碼如下：</span></strong></span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <section class="" style="max-width: 100%; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff; font-size: 16px; color: #3e3e3e; line-height: 1.6; letter-spacing: 0px;" helvetica="" neue="" helvetica="" hiragino="" sans="" gb="" microsoft="" yahei="" arial="" sans-serif="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" important="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" important=""> <pre style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; color: inherit; line-height: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><code class="" style="margin-right: 2px; margin-left: 2px; padding: 0.5em; max-width: 100%; line-height: 18px; font-size: 14px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-family: Consolas, Inconsolata, Courier, monospace; border-radius: 0px; color: #a9b7c6; background: #282b2e; box-sizing: border-box !important; display: block !important; overflow-wrap: normal !important; word-break: normal !important; overflow: auto !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">from</span> PIL <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> Image<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> numpy <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">as</span> np<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> os<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> join<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">import</span> time<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;">def</span> <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #a5da2d;">image</span><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ff9823;">(sta,end,depths=<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">10</span>)</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> a = np.asarray(Image.open(sta).convert(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'L'</span>)).astype(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'float'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> depth = depths <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 深度的取值範圍(0-100)，標準取10</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> grad = np.gradient(a) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 取影象灰度的梯度值</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> grad_x, grad_y = grad <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 分別取橫縱影象梯度值</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> grad_x = grad_x * depth / <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100.</span><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#對grad_x值進行歸一化</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> grad_y = grad_y * depth / <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">100.</span><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#對grad_y值進行歸一化</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> A = np.sqrt(grad_x ** <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> + grad_y ** <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span> + <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1.</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> uni_x = grad_x / A<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> uni_y = grad_y / A<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> uni_z = <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">1.</span> / A<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> vec_el = np.pi / <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2.2</span> <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源的俯視角度，弧度值</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> vec_az = np.pi / <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">4.</span> <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源的方位角度，弧度值</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> dx = np.cos(vec_el) * np.cos(vec_az) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源對x 軸的影響</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> dy = np.cos(vec_el) * np.sin(vec_az) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源對y 軸的影響</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> dz = np.sin(vec_el) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源對z 軸的影響</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> b = <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">255</span> * (dx * uni_x + dy * uni_y + dz * uni_z) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 光源歸一化</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> b = b.clip(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">0</span>, <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">255</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> im = Image.fromarray(b.astype(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'uint8'</span>)) <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"># 重構影象</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> im.save(end)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;"><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit;">def</span> <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #a5da2d;">main</span><span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ff9823;">()</span>:</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> xs=<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">10</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> start_time = time.clock()<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> startss = os.listdir(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\gugong"</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> time.sleep(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">2</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">for</span> starts <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #f82375; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">in</span> startss:<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> start = <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">''</span>.join(starts)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> sta = <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/gugong/'</span> + start<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> end = <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/gugong/'</span> + <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'HD_'</span> + start<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> image(sta=sta,end=end,depths=xs)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> end_time = time.clock()<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> print(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">'程式運行了 ----'</span> + str(end_time - start_time) + <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #eedc70; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">' 秒'</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /> time.sleep(<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">3</span>)<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" /><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />main()<br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;" />程式運行了 ---<span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #ae87fa; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">-43.01828205879955</span> 秒 <span class="" style="max-width: 100%; font-size: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #808080; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: inherit !important; word-break: inherit !important;">#一共35張圖片</span></code></pre> </section> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">最終效果圖對比：</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-ratio="0.885" data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-w="800" src="https://res.cloudinary.com/dhk2edkft/image/upload/v1550876589/rwuawhl22hrrzefy8p7c.jpg" style="width: 100%; visibility: visible !important;" /></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:="" 14px="" color:="" rgb="" 127="" 127="" 127="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">▲原始圖片來自微信公眾號微故宮</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">其他圖片就不一一列舉。你也可以透過此程式碼為自己畫一張手繪圖；也可以為自己的家鄉或母校畫。</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: #493b3b; font-size: 15px;" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">人生苦短，我用Python；</span></p> <p style="letter-spacing: 0px; max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="color: #493b3b;" microsoft="" yahei="" font-size:="" 15px="" caret-color:="" red="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">除了生娃，啥都能幹！</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 127="" 127="" 127="" font-size:="" 14px="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">參考資料：北京理工大學的嵩天老師的網路課程</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%;" microsoft="" yahei="" color:="" rgb="" 127="" 127="" 127="" font-size:="" 14px="" letter-spacing:="" normal="">http://www.icourse163.org/learn/BIT-1001870002?tid=1001963001#/learn/announce</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px;"> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><img class="" data-ratio="0.45454545454545453" data-w="22" src="http://pic.ipshop.xyz/wx/K1Ti6UYiFcQ.jpg" style="font-variant-numeric: normal; letter-spacing: 0.544px; line-height: 25.6px; widows: 1; display: inline; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" title="音符" /></p> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b;">據統計，99%的大咖都完成了這個神操作</span></p> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b;">▼</span></p> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><img class="" data-copyright="0" data-cropselx1="0" data-cropselx2="265" data-cropsely1="0" data-cropsely2="470" data-ratio="1.7786666666666666" data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-w="750" src="http://pic.ipshop.xyz/wx/JMoEh8EZXOw.jpg" style="height: 471px; width: 265px;" /></p> <p style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px;"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="white-space: normal; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 16px;"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com"> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: center; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; color: #007aaa; font-family: 微軟雅黑; font-size: 20px;">更多精彩</span></p> <p style="max-width: 100%; min-height: 1em; font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.5px; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b;">在公眾號後臺對話方塊輸入以下</span><strong><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">關鍵詞</span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b;">檢視更多優質內容！</span></p> <p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"> <p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">PPT</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;">|</span><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> </span><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">報告</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;">|</span><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> </span><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">讀書</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> </span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;">|</span><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"> <strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: 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style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; caret-color: red; max-width: 100%;"> </span></strong><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">人工智慧 </span></strong></span></strong><span style="font-size: 15px; color: #493b3b; caret-color: red; max-width: 100%;">|</span><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; caret-color: red; max-width: 100%;"> </span></strong><strong style="color: #493b3b; caret-color: red;"><span style="font-size: 15px; max-width: 100%; caret-color: red;"><strong style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 15px; color: #007aaa;">AI</span></strong></span></strong></p> <p style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="max-width: 100%; caret-color: red; font-size: 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weui-dialog__btn_primary" id="js_acknowledge">我知道了</a></div> </div> </div> <div id="js_unlike_educate" style="display: none;"> <div class="weui-mask"></div> <div class="weui-dialog"> <div class="weui-dialog__bd"> 已取消，“好看”想法已同步刪除</div> <div class="weui-dialog__ft"> <a class="weui-dialog__btn weui-dialog__btn_primary" id="js_unlike_know">知道了</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="like_comment_wrp" id="js_a_like_comment" style="display: none;"> <div class="like_comment_inner"> <div class="like_comment_hd" id="js_like_title" style="display: none;"></div> <div class="like_comment_bd"> <div class="tips_global_primary like_comment_tips"> <i class="weui-icon-success"></i>已推薦到看一看<a class="like_comment_share_link" id="js_a_like_comment_share">和朋友分享想法</a></div> </div> <div class="like_comment_ft"> <span class="like_comment_msg" id="js_a_like_comment_msg" style="visibility: hidden;">最多200字，當前共<span id="js_a_like_current_cnt"></span>字</span><br /> <button class="like_comment_btn" 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